高中英语外研版必修五知识1

Module1

重点短语：

1.It is obvious (to sb.) that 从句

对某人来说，……是显然的

2.confuse A with/and B 把A和B相混淆

3.be confused by sth . 被…….搞糊涂了

4.in confusion 困惑的;困窘地

5.compare. . .with. . . 和……比较

6.compare. . .to 把……比作

7.comepared to/with 和……相比(作状语)

8.variety of=varieties of 各种各样的

9.differ from sb./sth. 与某人或某物有区别，相异

10.differ in. . . 在某方面不同

11.have sth.in common (with sb./sth.)

和某人或某物有相同之处

12.have a lot/much/a great deal in common with. . .

与……有很多共同之处

13.have nothing/little in common with. . .

与……没有/很少有共同之处

14.in common with sb./sth. 和……一样

15.make a difference 有关系;有重要性;

16.make some difference to. . . 对……有些关系

17.make much difference to. . . 关系重大;有重大影响

18.make no difference to. . . 对……没有关系

19.be similar to 与……相似

20.be similar in 在……方面相似

21.have some/much difficulty(in)doing sth.

做某事有些/很多困难

22.have some/much difficulty with sth.

做某事有一些/很多困难

23.with difficulty 困(艰)难地

24.lead to sb.doing sth. 使得某人做某事

25.lead sb.to do sth. 使得某人去做某事

26.announce sth.to sb. 向某人宣布某事

=announce to sb.sth 向某人宣布某事

27.add. . .to. . . 把……加到……中

28.add to 增加

29.add up. . . 合计;加起来

30.add up to. . . 总计

31.make an announcement 发表声明，通知

32.at present 现在;目前

33.make an attempt to do sth. 试图做某事

34.make an attempt at doing sth. 试图(尝试)做某事

35.at one’s first attempt 第一次尝试

36.attempt at(doing)sth. 尝试(做)某事

37.in favour of 同意，支持，拥护

38.do sb.a favour 帮某人一个忙

39.ask sb.a favour =ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙

40.in sb.’s favour 有助于某人

41.refer to. . .as. . . 称……为……

42.refer to 参考

43.make (a) reference (s) to 提及，论及

44.now (that)+ 句子 由于;既然

重点知识点：

compare(v.)---comparison(n.)

把A和B比较compare A with B把A比作/比喻为Bcompare A to B

比起…,与…相比(作状语)compared with /to比得上compare with

无与伦比beyond comparison与…比较in comparison相比之下by comparison

differ(vi)different(adj.)difference(n.)

在…方面不同differin= be differentin区分…和…Tell the difference between…and..

不同于differfrom= be differentfrom和某人在…方面differ with sb. on sth.有影响，使不同make a difference

对…有影响have an effect on=have an influence on =affect =influence

Itmakes a big differenceto your lifewhetheryou take an optimistic attitudeor not.

你是否采取乐观的态度对你的人生有很大的影响。

common

有很多/有一些/几乎没有/没有共同点havemuch(a lot)/everything/ nothing(little)in common和…一样in common with

lead

lead to+doing/n通往，通向;导致，招致leadsbtosp.带领某人到某地

leadsbto dosth.使某人做某事，领某人干某事

命题方向：1). lead to +doing/ being done

2).leading to作定语或状语。

3).含介词的短语动词用在定语从句中，考察句中的谓语动词。

短语lead to中，to为介词，总结一下“动词+介词to”的常用短语

pay attention to注意devote… to…献身于stick to坚持be used to习惯于

belong to属于object to反对get down to开始认真做..contribute to为..做贡献

pay a visit to参观;拜访

difficulty

have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难

There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.

There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty为不可数名词)

have some/much/no difficulty (in) doing做某事有一些/没有困难

There is some/no difficulty (in) doing sth.

There is some/no difficulty with sth.(注意：difficulty为不可数名词)

attempt

attempt to do/ attempt at doing.试图做…;尝试做…

make an/no attempt to do (没有)试图/打算做…

at one’s first attempt (to do)第一次尝试做…

add

add…to…把…加到…上add to增加

add…up把…加起来add up to总计

高中英语外研版必修五知识2

Module 2

重点短语：

1.to one’s satisfaction 使某人感到满意的是

2.offer one’s hand 伸出手

3.offer sb.sth. =offer sth.to sb. 为某人提供某物

4.show/have respect for sb.=respect sb. 尊敬某人

5.give/send my respects to sb.

请代我向某人问好/致意

6.in all respects 无论从哪方面来看

7.pass by 经过;从……旁经过

8.pass away 去世;(时间等)消磨掉，过去

9.pass down 把……一代传一代;流传

10.pass on 传递

11.take. . .for granted 认为…...理所当然

12.take it/things easy 轻松，放松

13.take one’s time 慢慢来，不着急

14.in particular 尤其，特别地

15.be particular about/over. . . 对……讲究/挑剔

16.have an effect on. . . 对……有影响

17.take up 站好位置以备……

18.when用作并列连词时，常用下列句型：

(1)Sb.was about to do sth.when. . .

=Sb.was on the point of doing sth.when. . .

某人正要干某事时，这时…….

(2) Sb.was doing sth.when. . .

某人正在干某事时，这时……

(3) Sb.had (just) done sth.when. . .

某人刚干完某事时，这时……

19.apply (to sb.) for sth. (向某人)申请某物

20.apply sth.to sth. 把……应用于……

21.apply to. . . 适用于……

22.apply onesely to. . . 致力于……

23.sth. require doing/to be done

某物需要被做……

24.require sb.to do sth. 要求某人做某事

25.require that. . .(should) do sth. 要求做某事

26.in great demand 需求很大

27.meet/satisfy one’s demang(s) 满足某人的需要

28.demang to do sth. 要求做某事

29.demand that. . .(should) do sth. 要求某人做某事

30.in response to 作为……的回应

31.make/give a response to 对…...做出反应

32.make/give no response to 对…不予回答/理解

重点知识：

offer n/v

表示愿意做，主动给予提出，提供(买方)出价

charge(卖方)收费，要价

offer/provide /supply

提供给某人某物

offer sb sth//offer sth to sb

provide sb with sth/ provide sth for sb

supply sb with sth/ supply sth to sb

主动提出做某事:offer to do

apply v

①apply sth to应用

New technology isapplied toalmost everyindustrial process. (工业流程)

②apply oneself to致力于;专心于

If only heappliedhimself to study, he would do better in it.

③apply for申请

Beforeapplyingfor the post, you have to fill in theapplication form.

【拓展】applicant n.申请人

表示“致力于;专心于”的短语：

belost/ buried /involved/ absorbed/ occupied…in

concentrate/ focus/ fix….on

bedevoted / addicted/ abandonedto(沉迷于)

demand n.

①(非常/很)受欢迎的in (good) demand

②需要,需求(尤指顾客)demand for sth./ sb.

③对某人做某事的要求demand for sb. to do sth.

demand可加n./Pro./To do/that从句作宾语。

注意：不能说:demand sb to do sth

高中英语外研版必修五知识3

Module 3

重点短语：

1.on account of 因为

2.on no account 决不，在任何条件下都不

3.take sth. into account=take account of sth.

把某事考虑在内

4.account for 做出解释，提出理由

5. lie-lay-lain-lying 平躺;位于

Lay – laid –laid – laying 放置; 产卵

6.The boy lying on the ground lied that his cocklaid an egg.

躺在地上的小男孩说他的公鸡下了一只蛋。

7.get into (a) panic 陷入恐慌状态

8.be at/in a panic 在恐慌中

9.be curious about 对……好奇，感兴趣

10.out of curiosity 出于好奇

11.satisfy one’s curiosity 满足某人的好奇心

12.have connection with 与…有联系/有关联

13.have a direct/close/strong connection with

与…有直接/密切/牢固的联系

14.have sth./nothing to do with 与…有关/与…无关

15.be related to 与…有关

16.to one’s astonishment 令某人吃惊的是

17.to one’s surprise 令某人吃惊的是

18.to one’s excitement 令某人激动的是

19.to one’s disappointment 令人失望的是

20.to one’s sorrow 令人难过的是

21.to one’s joy 令人高兴的是

22.to one’s satisfaction 令人满意的是

23.warn sb.about/of sth. 警告某人某事

24.warn sb. Not to do sth.=warn against doing sth 警告某人不要做某事

25.be determined to do sth. 决心做某事

26.force sb.to do sth.=force sb.into doing sth

强迫某人做某事

27.force sth.on/upon sb. 把…强加于某人

28.play a trick on sb. 拿某人开玩笑，捉弄某人

29.make fun of sb. 嘲笑某人;取笑某人

30.make up 编造;组成;和解;化妆;弥补…

31.be/feel in the mood for(doing) sth

=be/feel in the mood to do sth. 有心情做某事

32.in a bad/good mood 情绪不好/很好

33.be set in 以…为背景

34.set off 出发;引爆，使爆炸

35.set out to do sth. 开始做某事

36.set about doing sth. 开始/着手做某事

37.set sth.aside 把某物放在一边;省出;

38.set up 建立;设立;创立

39. resemble … in… 在…方面像…

重点知识：

account v./n.

on account of由于Takeinto account烤鱼On no account绝不accounted for解释

bank account银行账户

as if

as if引导的从句作表语。

as if = as though好像，似乎,主要用于引导状语从句和

表语从句。当前面有系动词look, seem, taste, smell, keep, sound

等时，如果表示的可能性较大，与事实较一致时，谓语动词用

陈述语气。

as if从句用虚拟语气的情况：

⑴从句表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词用一般过去时。

You look as if you did not care. (实际上关心)

⑵从句表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词用“had+过去分词”

He talked about Paris as if he had been there before.(实际上以前没去过)

⑶从句表示与将来事实相反，谓语动词用“would/could/might+动词原形”。

It looks as if it might snow.(实际上不会下雪)

⑴分词作定语

1)通常，现在分词表示主动，过去分词表示被动，例如：

He is the man giving you the money.(= who gave you…)

He is the man stopped by the car.( = who was stopped by…)

2)不及物动词的过去分词表示动作已经发生

⑵分词作状语

⑶连词+分词(短语)

有时为使分词短语与主句关系更清楚，可在分词前加连词。如：when，while，if though，after, before, as.但分词的主语和主句的主语必须为同一个

⑷分词作补语 通常在感官动词和使役动词和like, want, wish, order等表示“希望”“要求”等意义的动词之后

⑸分词作表语

⑹分词作插入语:其结构是固定的，意思上的主语并不是句子的主语。

generally speaking一般说来

strictly speaking严格的说

judging from从…判断

all things considered从整体来看

taking all things into consideration全面看来

⑺分词的时态

1).与主语动词同时(not) doing…

2)先于主动词 (not)having done…

⑻独立主格结构：在用分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语一般必须与句子主语一致。

如不一致，分词须带上自己的逻辑主语。常表伴随的动作或情

高中英语外研版必修五知识4

Module4

重点短语：

1.hide sth.from sb.

隐藏某物不让人发现;对某人隐瞒某事

2.come to an end 完结

3.put an end to 结束，终止

4.bring. . .to an end 使…结束

5.in the end 终于;最后

6.date back to=date from 追溯到，开始于

7.dress up 装扮;打扮

8.dress up as. . . 装扮成…

9.dress up in red 穿上红色的衣服

10.dress sb.(oneself) 给某人穿衣

11.be dress in white 穿着白色衣服

12.make. . .with. . . 用…在…做标记

13.make. . .on. . . 在…上做…记号

14.consist of 由…组成;由…构成

15.give up 放弃

16.give away 赠送

17.give back 归还;恢复健康

18.give in to向… 让步，屈服于

19.give off 发出，放出(气体，气味等)

20.give out 分发(试卷等)，筋疲力尽

21.take in 收留

22.take off 脱掉(衣服);飞机(起飞)

23.take on 显现;承担(工作，责任等)

24.take place 发生

25.take up 开始从事;继续，接下去

26.There is/was no need for sb.to do

某人没有必要做…

27.There is no possibility that. . . … 不可能…

28.There is no doubt that. . . 毫无疑问…

29.There is no point in doing sth. 做某事没有意义

重点知识：

Pretend

pretend +that … 假装… pretend to do sth. 假装要做某事

pretend to be doing sth.假装正在做某事 pretend to have done sth.假装已经做过某事

类似用法

happen to do sth. 碰巧做某事 happen to be doing 碰巧正在做某事

appear to be… 似乎是 consider sth. to be/as 把…当作

book

book 意为预定(票，位子等)

order 意为订货，定购常用作及物动词，还可以意为点菜(饭，酒，饮料)既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。

⒊dress

dress的用法： dress sb./ oneself==(sb).be dressed in

dress(oneself) up

wear的用法：强调状态 (穿着,穿衣戴帽,戴首饰,带笑容)

put on 的用法：强调动作(穿上 ) ----反义词 take off

高中英语外研版必修五知识5

Module5

重点短语：

1.retire from 从…退休，从…退役

2.perform one’s promise 履行承诺

3.perform an operation on sb. 给某人做手术

4.have an advantage over 比…有优势

5.have an advantage in 在…方面占优势

6.take advantage of 利用

7.to sb’s advantage 对某人有利

8.have the advantage of 有…的优势

9.give sb.a guarantee 给某人保证/承诺

10.under guarantee 在保修期内

11.on the increase 正在增加

12.together with 加之，连用;和，与

13.increase by 增加了(表示增加的比率)

14.increase(from…) to

(从…)增长到…(表示增加后的结果)

15.by chance 偶然的，意外的，碰巧

16.take a chance/chances 碰运气/冒险

17.protest against/about/at 反对…，抗议…

18.declare sth.(to be) sth. 宣布某物是…，断言…为…

19.declare war on/against sb. 对…宣战

20.declare against 表示反对…

21.declare for 表示赞同

22.declare that. . . 声明，郑重地说

23.So what? (非正式)那又怎样呢?结果怎样?

24.rise to one’s feet 站起身

25.pick up 把…扶起来;接某人;收听;好转

26.That’s not the point那不是关键;没有说到点子上

27.to the point 很得要领的;中肯的

28.off the point 离题的

29.There’s no point in. . .干…没有用;干…没有意义

重点知识：

win

win vt. &vi. 其宾语不是竞争对手而是war, game, prize, match, battle, competition等名词。

beat和defeat两者的宾语是竞争对手

advantage

⑴ have an advantage over sb./sth 比某人有优势

⑵take advantage of 利用①机会等;②某人的处境、弱点等

⑶to one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb. 对某人有利

chance

(the) chances are (that) …./ The chance is that …..很可能….

(It is likely / probable / possible that…)

There is no chance that ….不可能…

There is a chance that …/of … 有可能…

seize /grasp a chance 抓住机会

take a chance /take chances 冒险，碰运气

by chance /by accident 碰巧

倍数

(1).倍数表达法： 倍数+ as .... as...

This room is four times as big as that one. 这个房间是哪个房间的四倍大。

The road is twice as long as that one. 这条路是那条路的2倍长。

(2). 倍数的其他结构：

倍数 + adj./adv. 的比较级+ than...

倍数+ the + 名词(size,length, height,width...)+ of ...

This room is twice bigger than mine.

这个房间是我房间的2倍大。

= This room is twice the size of mine.

状语从句

⑴时间状语从句

其连词有：when, before, after, as soon as, as, while, hardly had…when, scarcely had …when, no sooner had … than, till / until, since, the moment, by the time 等，

⑵条件状语从句

引导条件状语从句的连词有：if, unless, (if not) , on condition that , as long as。

注意：有时可以把祈使句作为条件从句，祈使句后面要搭配and，如：

Give him an inch and he’ll take a mile. (= If you give him an inch, he’ll take a mile. )

但：当表示否定的条件时，可用连词or 或otherwise， 如：

Start at once, or / otherwise you’ll miss the train. (= If you don’t start at once, …)

⑶让步状语从句

①引导让步状语从句的连词有：though/although, even if/ even though, no matter who/ what/ when / where/ which / how ( whoever, whatever, whenever, wherever, whichever, however)

②whoever, whatever, whichever还可引导名词从句。而no matter who/ what/ which 只能引导让步状语从句

?He didn’t want to be disturbed, no matter who wanted to see him.

= He didn’t want to be disturbed, whoever wanted to see him.

?I’ll give the books to whoever needs them

as引导让步从句。但as一般不置于句首，而将从句中的表语或状语置于句首。(though也可以)

ⅠTired as he was, he still went on with his work

ⅡMuch as he likes the bike, he doesn’t want to buy it

ⅢTry as he might, he didn’t pass the exam.

⑷ 原因状语从句

①引导原因状语从句的连词有 because, since, as , now that

?because: 语气最强，回答why时用because

Why are you late? Because there is a traffic jam.

?since: “既然…..” 表对方已知的事实或理由，常放在句首。

Since you have got enough money with you now, you can come and buy it next time.

?as: “由于….” 语气较弱，较口语化，表明显的原因或已知的事实，常放在句首。

As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.

?for是一个等立连词，连接的是两个并列的分句，其他三个引导的是状语从句;for不能放在句首。 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.

⑸比较状语从句

①比较状语从句主要用在形容词、副词的原级、比较级、最高级的句子中。 原级 as …as … not so / as …as 比较级: 比较级+ than … 最高级： 最高级+in / of / among …

②no more than 和 not more than

?His education added up to no more than one year.

?They finished the project in not more than one year

③两者中 “较….的一个用the + 比较级