高三英语学科知识点1

pleasant, pleasing, pleased

(1) pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语，而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。

I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.

我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。

(2) pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表示接受对象的情感，传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事物。

An actor should have a pleasing personality.

表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。

(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与glad基本相同。作表语时，句子的主语只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的词语。be pleased with 表示“对……表示满 意”之意。

She had a pleased look on his face.

她脸上露出了满意的表情。

burn down, burn up, burn out

bum down 指“烧为平地，烧毁”;也指“火力减弱”。

The house was burnt down in an hour.

房子一小时被烧为平地。

bum up 有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。

You'd better put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.

你往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。

bum out 指“火熄灭”。

The fire had burnt out before I returned.

在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。

elect, select, choose

elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。

They elected Nixon President. 他们选尼克松为总统。

choose 可用于挑选人或物。

It's hard for me to choose one from so many pairs of shoes.

要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。

select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。

She selected a pair of socks to match her suit.

他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。

be known for, be known as, be known to

be known for 以……出了名 (通常不是指同位的关系)

be known as 作为……出了名 (通常加上职业名词，表同位关系)

be known to为……所知

Japan is known for its cars.

日本以它的汽车而闻名。

Luxun is known as a writer.

鲁迅作为作家很出名。

As is known to all, China has four famous invitations.

众所周知，中国有四大的发明。

observe, watch

当“观察”来讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤其用于实验或研究等场合。具体来说，observe含有“察觉到”的意思，watch意为“盯着看”。

watch还含有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有此意。另外，watch还有“照料”之意，相当于take care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于be careful with。

She has observed the stars all her life.

她一生都在观察星星。

I'll watch the baby while you are away.

你不在时，由我照料你女儿。

You'd better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief.

你当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。

高三英语学科知识点2

自身代词概说

表示反射(指一个动作回射到该动作执行者本身.或强调(即用来加强名词或代词的语气.的代词叫做自身代词。

自身代词的用法

1.在句中作宾语，表示动作回到动作执行者的本身。如：

Please help yourself to some lea.请自己用茶。(作help的宾语.

The girl is too young to look after herself.这女孩太小，还不能照顾自己。(作look after的宾语.

He was always ready to help others; he never thought of himself他总是帮助别人，从不想到自己。(作thought of的宾语.

2.在句中作名词或代词的同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，作"亲自"、"本人"解。它在句中可置于名词、代词之后，也可置于句子末尾。如：

You yourself said so.你自己是这样说的。

The desk itself is not so heavy.书桌本身并不重。

I fixed the window myself.这窗户是我自己装的。

高三英语学科知识点3

一、重要单词用法例析

1. below prep. & adv. 在……下面，低于

Do not write below the line. 不要该横线下写字。

I live on the floor below. 我住在下一层。

2. concentrate vt. & vi. 集中于，专注

I tried my best to concentrate my thoughts on the problem. 我努力让自己集中思想在这个问题上。

3. meanwhile adv. 在此其间，与此同时

The train won’t leave for an hour. Meanwhile we can have lunch. 火车还有一个小时才开，其间我们可以吃中饭。

Tom was at home studying. Meanwhile, Jon was out playing. Tom在家学习，与时同时Jon外出玩耍。

搭配：in the meanwhile同时，在此期间

In the meanwhile I’ll visit an old friend of mine. 在这期间我将去拜访我的一位老朋友。

4. gifted adj. 有天分的; 有天赋的

He is a gifted musician. 他是天才音乐家。

5. seldom adv. 很少

There is seldom snow in Guangdong. 广东很少下雪。

He seldom goes out on Sundays, does he? 星期天他很少出去，对吗?

Seldom has there been such a happy meeting. 过去很少有过这样愉快的会议。

注意：(1)其后的反意疑问句用肯定式;(2)位于句首时，谓语用部分倒装。

6. occupation n. 职业;占用，占据

Teaching is me occupation. 教书是我的职业。

The old house is under my occupation. 这所旧宅现已为我所有。

辨析：occupation表示职业，较为正式，常用于表格;work工作，不可数名词;job职业，可数名词，可指单独一个任务，也可指工作职位;profession工作，是指需要特别技能/训练和高等教育的工作;trade是指手艺工。

7. eager adj. 渴望的，热切的

She is eager to go home. 她很想回家。

He is eager for a computer. 他渴望有台电脑。

辨析：be anxious to do sth 急于做……(强调着急)

8. acquire vt. 获得，取得

She acquired a knowledge of the English by careful study. 她认真学习而精通英语。

9. deny vt. 不认，拒绝

He denied telling me. =He denied that he had told me. 他否认他告诉过我。

注意：后接动词作宾语时，只能用-ing形式。

10. employ vt. 雇用，使用

We employed a cook. 我们雇用了一个厨师。

How do you employ your spare time? 你是怎样利用你的空余时间的?

He is employed in watering the flowers. 他正忙于给花浇水。

11. cover vt. 盖，遍布，走，采访

The Red Army covered 500 kilometers one day. 红军一天要行走500公里。

All the papers like to cover the affairs of the famous persons. 很多报纸喜欢报道名人的韵事。

二、词组句型用法例析

1. accuse … of… 控告某人犯某罪

I accused Donny of stealing money. 我控告Donny偷盗。

2. so as to (do sth.) 为了……

We got up early so as to catch the first train. 我们早起以便坐上第一班车。

辨析：so as to…不能位于句首，此时可用in order to…

In order not to be late for school, we must get up early. 为了上学不迟到，我们须早起。

3. defend…against… 防卫……免受……

Our duty is to defend our country against the enemies. 我们的职责是保卫我们的国家免受敌人的侵袭。

4. have a nose for sth. 有探查或发现某事物的能力新课标第一网

That reporter has a nose for news. 那位记者对新闻特别敏感。

5. the same…as…./such…as…

He is such a kind man as all like. 他是个人人喜欢的善良的人。(as作like的宾语)

注：在定语从句中，先行词中包含有the same, such, so等时，要用as来引导;关系代词as在定语从句中作主语或宾语等。

比较：He is such a kind man that all like him. (that不作任何句子成分)

三、课文长句难句剖析

If the person being interviewed agrees, we sometimes use small recorders to make sure that we get all our facts straight.

剖析：being interviewed是现在分词的被动式做定语，修饰the person，相当于定语从句who is being interviewed;不定式短语to make sure that…作目的状语;句中的straight是副词，意为“直接地”。

译文：如果得到被采访人允许，我们有时使用小型录音机，保证我们能够直接记录下全部事实。

四、语法知识归纳

1. 全部倒装

就是将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装通常用于：

(1)here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首时

Then came the chairman. 那时总裁来了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。

(2)表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首时

Out rushed a missile from under the bomber. 轰炸机肚底下窜出一枚导弹。

Ahead sat an old woman. 前面坐着一个老妪。

注意：

①主语必须是名词，而不能是代词。

②谓语动词通常是be, come, go, lie, run等表示来去或状态的动词。

③谓语动词的时态通常是一般现在时和一般过去时。

2. 部分倒装

就是指将谓语的一部分如助动词、情态动动词或be移到主语前。如果句子的谓语中没有这类词，则在主语前加助动词do, does或did，谓语动词用原形。部分倒装用于：

(1)否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until…等位于句首时。

Never have I seen such a performance. 从未见过如此糟糕的表演。

Nowhere will you find the answer to this question. 无论如何你不会找到这个问题的答案的。

Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。

No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her. 她刚出门，就有个学生来访。 Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 母亲一直到孩子入睡后离开房间。

注意：①hardly…when…, no sooner…than…或not only….but also…中，都是前一句倒装，后句不倒;②not until…后接时间状语从句时，从句不倒，主句倒。

真题：(1)Not until I began to work______ how much time I had waited. (全国)

A didn’t I realize B did I realize C I didn’t realize D I realized

解析：not until…位于句首，主句主谓要用部分倒装，排除C和D;not until句型中不再用否定，故选B。

(3)so, neither, nor表示“也”或“也不”时

Tom can speak French. So can Jack. 汤姆会讲法语，杰克也会。

If you go to the park tomorrow, so will I. 如果你明天去公园，我也去。

He hasn’t gone there. Neither /Nor have you. 他没有去那里，你也没去。

注意：当so引出的句子是对上文内容加以证实或肯定时，不可用倒装结构。意为“的确如此”。如：

Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. 汤姆邀我去踢球，我去了。

—It’s raining hard. 雨下得真大。

—So it is.是呀。

(3)“only+状语”位于句首时

Only in this way, can you learn English well. 只有这样，你才能学好英语。

Only then did I realize that I was wrong. 只有到那时我才意识到我错了。

Only when he is seriously ill does he ever stay in bed. 病得狠重时，他才卧床休息。

注意：如果句子为主从复合句，则主句倒装，从句不倒装。

(4)as引导让步从句时

必须将表语或状语提前(形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。但需注意：

①句首名词不能带任何冠词。

②句首是实义动词, 其他助动词放在主语后。如果实义动词有宾语和状语，随实义动词一起放在主语之前。

Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily. 他工作很努力，但总不能让人满意。

Child as he is, he knows a lot. 他虽然是个孩子，但很懂事了。

(5)其他部分倒装

①so…that…句型中的so +adj. /adv.位于句首时。

So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch. 他害怕得很，动也不敢动。

真题：So difficult ______ it to live in an English speaking country that I determined to learn English well.

A. I have felt B. have I felt C. I did feel D. did I feel

解析：so + adj.放在句首，用部分倒装，排除A和C;由determined可知用过去式，故选D。

②在某些表示祝愿的句型中。

May you all be happy. 愿你们都快乐。

③在虚拟条件句中有were, had, should等词时，可将if 省略，把were, had, should移到主语之前。

Were I you(=If I were you), I would try it again. 我是你的话，就再试一次。