高中英语必备基础句型和时态

　　必背句型

　　句型1：There+be +主语+地点状语/ 时间状语

　　There're three books on the table.

　　桌子上有三本书。

　　句型2：What's wrong with+sb./sth.?

　　What's wrong with your telephone?

　　你的手机有什么毛病?

　　句型3：How do you like…?

　　How do you like China?你觉得中国怎么样?

　　句型4：What do you like about…?

　　What do you like about China?

　　你喜欢中国的什么?

　　句型5：had better(not)+动词原形

　　You'd better ask that policeman over there.

　　你最好去问问那边的那个警察。

　　句型7：Thank+sb.+for (doing) sth.

　　Thank you for coming to see me.

　　感谢你来看我。

　　句型8：So+be/情态动词/助动词+主语

　　He is a student. So am I.

　　他是一个学生，我也是。

　　句型9：not…until…

　　He didn't have supper until his parents came back.

　　直到他的父母回来他才吃饭。

　　句型10：比较级十and+比较级

　　The baby cried harder and harder.

　　那孩子哭得越来越厉害。

　　句型11：the+比较级，the+比较级

　　The more one has,the more one wants.

　　拥有的越多，想要的越多。

　　句型12：…as+adj./adv.+as…

　　…not as(so)+adj./adv.+as…

　　Last Sunday the weather was not so wet as it is today.

　　上个星期天的天气不如今天的天气潮湿。

　　句型13：more/less +adj.+than…

　　I think art is less important than music.

　　我认为艺术不如音乐重要。

　　句型14：stop…from doing sth.

　　The Great Green Wall will stop the wind from blowing the earth away.

　　绿色长城将阻挡风吹走土壤。

　　句型15：both…and…

　　Both you and I are students.

　　我和你都是学生。

　　句型16：either…or…

　　Either you or he is wrong.

　　不是你错就是他错。

　　句型17：neither…nor…

　　Neither he nor I am a student.

　　我和他都不是学生。

　　句型18：…as soon as…

　　As soon as I see him, I'll give him the message.

　　我一见到他就把你的消息告诉他。

　　句型19：so+adj./adv.+that…

　　I was so tired that I didn't want to speak.

　　我累得连话也不想说了。

　　句型20：Though…十主句

　　Though I like writing to my pen-friend,it takes a lot of time.

　　虽然我喜欢给笔友写信，但它要耗费我大量时间。

　　句型21：be going to

　　This afternoon I'm going to buy an English book.

　　今天下午我要去买本英语书。

　　句型22：be different from

　　I think this is different from Chinese names.

　　我认为这与汉语名字不同。

　　句型23：Welcome (back) to…

　　Welcome back to school!

　　欢迎回到学校!

　　句型24：have fun doing

　　We're going to have fun learning English this term.

　　这学期我们将兴味盎然地学习讲英语。

　　句型25：…because…/…, so..…

　　I don't know all your names because this is our first lesson.

　　因为这是我们的第一节课，所以我并不知道你们所有人的名字。

　　句型26：Why don't you…/ Why not…?

　　Why don't you come to school a little earlier?

　　为什么不早点到校呢?

　　句型27：make it

　　Let's make it half past nine.

　　让我们定在九点半吧!

　　句型28：have nothing to do

　　They have nothing to do every day.

　　他们每天无所事事。

　　句型29：be sure/be sure of/ about sth. /be sure to do sth.

　　I was not sure of/about the way, so I asked someone.

　　我对于怎么走没有把握，所以我问别人了。

　　句型30：between…and…

　　There is a shop between the hospital and the school.

　　在那家医院和那所学校之间有一家商店。

　　句型31：keep sb. /sth. +adj. /V-ing /介词补语 /adv.

　　You must keep your classroom clean.

　　你们必须保持教室干净。

　　Sorry to have kept you waiting.

　　对不起，让你久等。

　　句型32：find+宾语+宾补

　　He finds it very hard to travel around the big city.他发现要环游这个大城市是很难的。

　　句型33：…not…any more / longer

　　The old man doesn't travel any more.

　　这位老人不再旅行了。

　　句型34：What's the weather like…?

　　What's the weather like in spring in your hometown?

　　在你们家乡，春天天气怎么样?

　　句型35：There is no time to do/have no time to do

　　There was no time to think.

　　没有时间思考。

　　I have no time to go home for lunch.

　　我没有时间回家吃午饭。

　　句型36：Help oneself to…

　　Help yourself to some fish.

　　吃鱼吧!

　　句型37：used to do

　　I used to read this kind of story books.

　　我过去常读这种故事书。

　　句型38：borrow…from

　　I borrowed a book from him.

　　我从他那借了一本书。

　　句型39：lend sb. sth. /lend sth. to sb.

　　He lent me a story book/He lent a story book to me.

　　他借了本故事书给我。

　　句型40：have been to

　　Have you ever been to Hawaii?

　　你曾去过夏威夷吗?

　　句型41：have gone to

　　Where's he? He's gone to Washington.

　　他在哪儿?他去华盛顿了。

　　句型42：be famous for

　　Hawaii is famous for its beautiful beaches.夏威夷以它美丽的海滩而出名。

　　句型43：No matter+疑问句+主句

　　No matter when you come,you are welcomed.

　　无论你们什么时候来，都受欢迎。

　　句型44：be afraid (of/to do/that..)

　　Don't be afraid of making mistakes when speaking English.

　　当说英语时不要害怕犯错误。

　　句型45：…as…as possible/…as…as sb. can

　　I hope to see him as soon as possible.

　　我希望能尽快见到他。

　　He ran here as fast as he could.

　　他尽最大努力跑到这儿。

　　句型46：practise /enjoy/finish doing

　　Tom enjoys playing football very much.

　　汤姆很喜欢踢足球。

　　He finished reading the story book.

　　他看完了那本故事书。

　　句型47：ask sb. (not) to do sth.

　　Her mother ask her to clean the room.

　　她妈妈叫她打扫房间。

　　句型48：be worth (doing) …

　　This book is worth reading.

　　这本书值得读。

　　句型49：seem to do / seem +adj. / (介词短语)

　　He seems to be angry.

　　他似乎生气了。

　　The house seems too noisy.

　　这房子似乎太吵了。

　　句型50：It's said that…

　　It's said that one of the most dangerous sharks is the Great White Shark.

　　据说大白鲨是最危险的鲨鱼之一。

　　8 大时态结构

　　一、一般现在时

　　1、概念：表示经常发生的情况;有规律出现的情况;总是发生的;事实真理。

　　2.时间状语: Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week (day, year, month…), on Sundays (on Mondays…), etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+动词原形(如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)

　　4.否定形式：主语+am / is / are+not+其他;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加 don't，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 doesn't，同时还原行为动词。

　　5.一般疑问句：把 be 动词放于句首;用助动词 do 提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用 does，同时，还原行为动词。

　　eg：

　　①It seldom snows here. 这里很少下雪。

　　②He is always ready to help others. 他总是乐于帮助别人。

　　③Action speaks louder than words. 事实胜雄辩。

　　二、一般过去时

　　1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。

　　2.时间状语：ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last (year,night,month…), in 1989, just now, at the age of 5, one day, long long ago, once upon a time,etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或 be 的过去式+名词

　　4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+其他;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。

　　5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首;用助动词 do 的过去式 did 提问，同时还原行为动词。

　　eg：

　　①She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。

　　②I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你这么忙。

　　三、一般将来时

　　1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。

　　2.时间状语：Tomorrow, next day (week,month, year…), soon, in a few minutes, by…, the day after tomorrow,etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+am/is / are+going to+do+其它;主语+will / shall+do+其它

　　4.否定形式：主语+am /is/ are not going to+do;主语+will / shall not do+其它

　　5.一般疑问句：be 放于句首;will / shall 提到句首。(首字母大写)

　　eg：

　　①They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将在学习中与我们竞争。

　　②It is going to rain.天要下雨了。

　　四、一般过去将来时

　　1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。

　　2.时间状语：The next day (morning, year…), the following month (week…), etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+was / were+going to+do+其它;主语+would / should+do+其它

　　4.否定形式：主语+was / were+not+going to+do+其它;主语+would/should+not+do.

　　5.一般疑问句：was 或 were 放于句首;would / should 提到句首

　　eg：

　　①He said he would go to Beijing the next day. 他说他第二天要去北京。

　　②I asked who was going there. 我问，谁要去那里。

　　五、现在进行时

　　1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。

　　2.时间状语：Now, at this time, days, look, listen, etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它

　　4.否定形式：主语+be+not+doing+其它

　　5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。

　　eg：

　　①Are you feeling good today?你今天感觉如何?

　　②He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。

　　六、过去进行时

　　1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。

　　2.时间状语：at this time yesterday, at that time 或以 when 引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。

　　3.基本结构: 主语+was / were+doing+其它

　　4.否定形式：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它

　　5.一般疑问句：把 was 或 were 放于句首。(第一个字母大写)

　　eg：

　　①At that time she was working in a company. 那段时间她在一家公司工作。

　　②When he came in, I was reading a newspaper. 他进来时，我正在读报纸。

　　七、现在完成时

　　1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

　　2.时间状语：yet, already, just, never, ever, so far, by now, since+时间点，for+时间段，recently, lately, in the past few years,etc.

　　3.基本结构：主语+have / has+过去分词+其它

　　4.否定形式：主语+have / has+not+过去分词+其它

　　5.一般疑问句：have 或 has 放句首。

　　eg：

　　①I've written an article. 我已经写了一篇论文。

　　②The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years. 在过去的几年，农村发生了巨大的变化。

　　八、过去完成时

　　1.概念：过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。

　　2.时间状语：before, by the end of last year (term, month), etc.

　　3.基本结构：had+done.

　　4.否定形式：had+not+done.

　　5.一般疑问句：had 放于句首。

　　6.用法：

　　(1)在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。

　　eg：

　　She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她从来没有去过巴黎。

　　(2)在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时;发生在后，用一般过去时。

　　eg：

　　①When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

　　(3)表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。

　　eg：

　　①We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

　　②I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

　　(注意： had hardly… when... 刚......就......)

　　③He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

　　(注意：had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……)