高三英语科必修五知识点1

一、过去分词

过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。

1. 作定语

作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：

There are many fallen leaves on the ground.

This is a book written by a worker.

2. 作表语

过去分词作表语,多表示主语所处的状态。

I was pleased at the news.

The door remained locked.

过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。

过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动作。

The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)

The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)

I'm interested in chess.(状态)

3. 过去分词做状语

①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。

Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.

Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.

②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。

Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.

Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.

③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词

Heated, water changes into steam.

Given another chance, he will do better.

④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。

Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.

⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。

Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.

The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.

倒装句：

一、here, there, now, then, thus 等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用 be, come, go, lie, run。

There goes the bell. 铃声响了。

Then came the chairman. _来了。

Here is your letter. 你的信。

二、否定词置于句首，句子应进行倒装。 neither 放句首

Tod can't swim, neither can I. 托德不会游泳，我也不会。

用于 never, hardly, seldom, scarcely, barely, little, often, at no time, not only, not once, many a time 等词开头的句子。

Never shall I go there again. 我再也不去那了。

Little did he know who the woman was.他基本上不知道那女人是谁。

Seldom was he late for class.他很少上学迟到。

用于 no sooner ... than ..., hardly... when... 和 not until... 的句型中

Hardly had I reached the station when the train left. 我刚到车站,火车就离开了。

No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang. 她刚离开,电话就响了。

Not until the teacher came did he finish his homework. 直到老师来，他才完成作业。

三、用于 only 放句首，修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句的句子。

Only in this way can you master English well. 只有这种方法，你才能学好英语。

Only that time did he do his homework. 直到哪个时间，他才做作业。

Only when he told me did I realize what trouble I was in.

省略句：

一、省略的目的

省略多见于非正式文体，尤其在对话中，省略是一种普遍的现象。英语中的省略一般说来有三个目的：

1.避免重复，减少累赘。省略的主要目的是避免重复，去掉不必要的累赘和繁琐。

Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't come to school to see me the next day.

Mike said that he would come to school to see me the next day, but he didn't.

(省掉最后九个词，句子简洁了许多)

2.连接紧密，结构紧凑 省略也是使上下文紧密连接的一种修辞手段。

John was the winner in 1994 and Bob in 1998.(Bob 后省略了 was the winner，句子结构显得比较紧凑)

3.强调重点，突出信息 省略的另一作用是突出新的信息

Truth speaks too low, hypocrisy too loud.后一分句省略谓语 speaks，突出了 too loud)

二、句子成分的省略

为了避免重复，或者为了使某一内容引人注目，可以省略某些句子成分而保持句子原意不变。

1.省略主语

Beg your pardon.请你原谅。(= I beg your pardon.))

Serves you right. 你活该(= It serves you right.)

2.省略谓语

Anything the matter? 要紧吗?(= Is anything the matter?)

The river was deep and the ice thin. 河很深，冰很薄。

(= The river was deep and the ice was thin.)

3.省略表语

Are you ready? Yes,I am.(am 后面省略了表语 ready)

4.省略宾语

We have to analyze and solve problems. (analyze 后省略了宾语 problems)

Let's do the dishes. I'll wash and you'll dry.(wash 和 dry 后面省略了宾语 dishes)

5.省略定语

He spent part of the money, and the rest he saved.(the rest 后面省略了定语 of the money)

6.省略状语

(Even)The wisest man cannot know everything.

省略在句子中的应用

在一个句子中，省略可分为依赖上下文省略和不依赖上下文省略两种。前者省略的部分可在句子中找到，但后者可能找不到。

1.简单句中的省略

依赖上下文的省略在对话中最为常用。

Like more beer?(= Would you like more beer?)

—World you mind if I used your telephone?

—Not at all. 一点也不。

(= I do not mind at all.)

—Will he pass this examination?

Probably. 大概会的。(= He will probably pass the examination.)

不依赖于上下文的省略。

All aboard! 请上船(= All go aboard.省略谓语)

Haven't seen you for ages!(省略主语 I)

What about having a game of chess?

Sounds like a good idea.

2.并列句中的省略

(=It sounds like a good idea. 省略主语)

Everybody appears well prepared.

(= Everybady appears to be well prepared. 省略不定式 to be)

并列句中如果前后分句有相同的部分，常常可以省略掉，以避免重复。通常被省略的可以是主语、谓语、宾语或其他万分，或句子万分的一部分。

省略出现在后一分句

John likes collecting stamps but (John) hates listening to music.(省略主语)

省略出现在前一分句

We can (win tomorrow's match), and certainly will,win tomorrow's match.

我们能够，而且一定会在明天的比赛中获胜。(前一分句省略谓语 + 宾语)

前后两个分句都出现省略

They can (pay the full fee ) and (they)should pay the full fee.

复合句中的省略

在主从复合句中，活力的现象是很普遍的。

省略主句的句首部分。(I'm)Sorry I couldn't go.

省略整个主句或主句的一部分(回答问题时常用)。

(It is a)Pity he's failed.

If he says he'll come, he will(come).

3.在一些状语从句中，如果谓语动词是 be，主语又和主句的主语一致，或者主语是 it，常常可以把从句中的主语和 be 省略掉。

以 when, while, once, until 等连词引导的时间状语从句。

When (you are) in Rome do as Rome does.入国问禁，入乡随俗。

4.在比较从句中通常把和主句重复的部分省掉。

省略谓语的全部

James enjoys the theeartre more than Susun.

Tom has as many books as Jack.

省略主语和谓语的一部分

Brown speaks French as fluently as English. (as 后省略了 he speaks)省略表语部分

Mrs White is not so young as she looks.(looks 后省略了 young)

省略主语和谓语的大部分，保留状语

He is working harder than before.(than 后省略了 he worked hard)

省略主语

He drank a little more than was good for him.(than 后省略了 it)省略宾语

You spent more money than I had expected.(expected 后省略了that you should spend)

省略从句的全部

You are getting slimmer. simmer 后省略了than you were before)

主句和从句中可同时省略一些成分。

The sooner (this is done), the better(it will be).

高三英语科必修五知识点2

survey 调查.测验

add up 合计

upset adj 心烦意乱的;不安的，不适的

ignore不理睬.忽视

have got to 不得不;必须

concern(使)担比：涉及;关系到 n 担心;关注.(利害)关系

be concerned about 关心.挂念

walk the dog 遇狗

loose adj 松的.松开的

vet 兽医

go through 经历;经受

Amsterdam 阿姆斯特丹(荷兰首都)

Netherlands 荷兰(西欧国家)

Jew 犹太人的;犹太族的

German 德国的.德国人的.德语的.

Nazi 纳粹党人 adj 纳粹党的

set down 记下;放下.登记

series 连续，系列

a series of 一连串的.一系列;一套

outdoors在户外.在野外

spellbind 迷住;迷惑

purpose 故意

in order to 为了

dusk 黄昏傍晚

at dusk 在黄昏时刻

thunder vi 打雷雷鸣 n 雷，雷声

entier adj 整个的;完全的，全部的

entily ady. 完全地.全然地.整个地

Power能力.力量.权力。

Face to face 面对面地

Curtain 窗帘;门帘.幕布

dusty adj 积满灰尘的

no longer /not … any longer 不再

partner 伙伴.合作者.合伙人

settle 安家.定居.停留vt 使定居.安排.解决

suffer vt & 遭受;忍受经历

suffer from 遭受.患病

loneliness 孤单寂寞

highway高速公路

recover痊愈;恢复.

Get/be tired of 对…厌烦

Pack捆扎;包装打行李 n 小包：包裹

pack ( sth ) up 将(东西)装箱打包

suitcase手提箱;衣箱

overcoat大衣外套

teenager 十几岁的青少年

get along with 与…相处.进展

gossip 闲话 闲谈

fall in love 相爱;爱上

exactly 确实如此.正是;确切地山

disagree 不同意

grateful感激的.表示谢意的

dislike不喜欢.厌恶

join in 参加.加入

tip提示.技巧.尖;尖端.小费 倾斜;翻倒

secondly第二.其次

swap交换

item 项目.条款

subway <美>地铁

elevator n 电梯;升降机

petrol <英>汽油( = <美> gasoline ) gas汽油.气体.煤气;毒气。

official adj 官方的.正式的.公务的

voyage n 航行.航海

conquer 征服.占领

because of 因为

native 本国的;本地的 n 本地人.本国人 come up 走近，上来.提出

apartment<美>公寓住宅.单元住宅

actually实际上，事实上

base根据 n 基部;基地，墓础

at present 现在;目前

gradual 逐渐的.逐步的

enrich 使富裕;充实，改善

vocabulary 词汇.词汇量.词表

make use of 利用 使用

spelling拼写.拼法

latter 较后的后平的;(两者中)后者的 .

identity 本身.本体

fluent 流利的.流畅的

frequent adj 频繁的.常见的

usage 使用.用法.词语惯用法

command命令;指令;掌握

request请求;要求

dialect 方言

expression 词语;表示表达

midwestern 中西部的.有中西部特性的 African adj 非洲的：非洲人的;非洲语言的 play a part ( in )扮演个角色：参与

lightning 闪电

straight 街区

cab出租车

journal日记;杂志.定期刊物

transport运送.运输

Prefer更喜欢选择某事物而不选择其他事物disadvantage不利条件;不便之处

fare费用

route人路线.路途

flow 流动.流出 n 流动.流量

ever since 从那以后

persuade说服.劝说

cycle骑自行车

graduate 毕业 n 大学毕业生

finally最后.终于

schedule进度表

fond心喜爱的.慈爱的宠爱的

be fond of 喜爱;喜欢

short coming缺点

stubborn顽固的;固执的

organize 组织，成立

care about 关心;忧虑;

detail 细节;详情

determine讨决定;确定;下定决心

change one’s mind改变主意

journey 旅行.旅程

altitude 海拔高度.高处

make up one’s mind 下决心.决定

give in 投降.屈服.让步

valley谷流域

waterfall 瀑布

Pace缓漫而行.踱步入一步.速度;步调 bend弯，拐角

高三英语科必修五知识点3

1. impression

n.印痕;印记;印象;感想

常用结构：

have an impression of sth./doing sth. 对(做)某事有印象

make an impression on sb. 给某人留下印象

make no impression on 对……无影响/效果

give sb.a favorable impression 给某人留下好印象

an impression of one’s foot 某人的脚印

Your performance gave me a strong impression.

你的表演给我留下了很深的印象。

What I said made no impression on him.

我的话对他不起作用。

联想拓展

impress v.留下印象

impress sth.on/upon one’s mind 把……牢记在心上

2. lack

v.&n. 缺乏;缺少的东西

注意：lack作名词时，后常接of。lack作动词时，既可作及物动词，也可以作不及物动词，作不及物动词时，后常接for或in。lack不用于被动语态。

常用结构：

lack sth. 缺少某物

lack for sth. 缺少;需要

for/through lack of... 因缺乏……

no lack of... 不缺乏

a/the lack of ... ……的缺乏

He didn’t go there because he lacked courage.

他没去那里，因为他缺乏勇气。

The plant died for lack of water.植物因缺水而死。

They lacked for nothing.他们无所需求。

联想拓展

lacking adj. 匮乏的;不足的;没有的

be lacking in 缺乏(品质、特点等)

She seems to be lacking in common sense.

她似乎缺乏常识。

3. sight

n. 视力;视觉;看见;光景，奇观;名胜

常用结构：

lose sight of 看不见;忘记;失去

catch sight of sth./sb. 看见某物/人

at first sight 初看之下;乍看起来

at (the) sight of 一看见就……

out of sight 看不见

be in sight 看得见，在眼前

Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见,心不烦。

Last summer we had seen the sights of Beijing.

去年夏天我们游览了北京的名胜。

Crusoe was frightened at the sight of a man’s footprint.

克鲁索看到一行人的脚印，他非常害怕。

4. require

vt. 需要;要求;命令

常用结构：

require that+主语+(should)+动词原形 需要某人做某事

require sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事

require sth.(of sb.) 要求(某人)某事

I will do everything that is required of me.

凡是要求我的事，我都会办到。

The situation requires that I(should)be there.

形势需要我去那里。

温馨提示

require后接宾语从句时，宾语从句必须用should do的虚拟语气，其中should可以省略。

另外，表示“需要”，且是物作主语时，后接动词 ?ing形式的主动形式表示被动含义，可以等于不定式被动形式;在这一点上，need和want用法相同。

The house requires mending.

The house requires to be mended. 房屋需要维修。

All cars require servicing regularly.

所有汽车都需要定期检修。

They required him to keep it a secret.

他们要求他对这事保密。

5. assist

vt.&vi. 帮助;援助;参与;出席

常用结构：

assist sb. in/with sth. 帮助(某人)某事

assist sb. in doing sth. 帮助(某人)做某事

assist sb. to do sth. 帮助(某人)做某事

assist with 帮助(照料，做);在……上给予帮助

I am willing to assist you whenever there is an opportunity.

有机会我愿随时帮你。

I’m afraid I can’t assist you, you have to go and see the manager. 我恐怕帮不上忙，你得去找经理。

The headmaster assists with a lot of things when free.