高三英语语法知识点总结1

虚拟语气在一些特殊词中的使用或含蓄条件句

1.wish后的宾语从句。

与现在愿望不一致，用主语十过去时，例如：

I wi。hIwere you.

与过去愿望不一致，用主语+had+过去分词，例如：Iwish I had visited the White House whenI was in the States与将来愿望不一致，用主语+would (could)+原形。

2.It's time句型：当lt's tine后用that从句时应该为主i吾+should+动词原形或主语十过去时，例如：It，s time thatyou went to school.或It's time that you should go to schooL

3- If only引起的感叹句相当于“How I wish+宾语从句”。

(l)If only he could come.他要能来就好了。

(2)If only I had known the answer.我要早知道答案就好了。

4.WOuld rather，as if(though)引导的从句也需使用虚拟语气，表示过去的情况用过去完成时，表示现在与将来的情况用过去时，例如：

(l)I'd rather you posted the letter right away.

(2)She loves the children as if they were hers.

5.含蓄虚拟条件句含蓄条件句是指句中没有明显的虚拟条件句，而是利用其他手段来暗示存在虚拟条件。但是这类隐含式虚拟条件句往往都可以转化为if引导的条件句。常用来表示含蓄虚拟条件的手段有：

(1)介词或介词短语。如but for，but that，without,in case of, under more favorable condition等。

(2)连词。如so that, unless, in case, supposing,lest, provided(倘若……)，for fear that(唯恐)，in orderthat, on condition that, if only(要是……就好了)等。

注意：lest, for fear that和in case引起的从句中谓语动词多用should+动词原形，但也可以不用虚拟语气，而用动词的陈述语气形式。例如：The foreign teacher spokeslowly in case we misunderstood him这位外籍教师说得很慢以免我们误解。

(3)通过上下文及内在含义，句中往往有but,otherwise, unfortunately等类似转折词。

without, but. but for, otherwise引起的短语或句子常暗含着含蓄条件。例如：

①Without you,1 would never know him

②But for your oooperation, we wouldn't have done it

③But that she was afraid, she would have said no. .

④i would be most glad to help you, butI am busy now.

⑤I would have come to the party yesterday, but ljwas working.

⑥I am busy now, otherwise l would do you the favor!

现在完成时

1、 现在完成时的概念：现在完成时表示动作发生在过去，其结果对现在有影响。 例：Tom has gone out (go的动作发生在过去，对现在有影响)

2、 延续性动词可以和表示一段时间的时间状语连用;非延续性动词则不可以。 例：正确说法：The train has been in the station for two hours;

错误说法：The train has stopped in the station for two hours.

(这辆火车进站停了两个小时)

延续性动词 非延期性动词

定义 动作有持续性，可以持续一段时间。如：live(居住)就可live一年两年。 运作在短时间内结束，不能延续。如marry(结婚)就不能marry一年两年。

例词 Listen,play,rain,work Arrive,begin,borrow,finish

3、现在完成时的构成：

(1)have(has)+过去分词：Tom has gone out。

(2)现在完成时的否定和疑问形式：否定形式在have、has后加not;疑问形式将Have、has提前，如Has Tom gone out。

(3)过去分词的概念及其变化形式：

概念：它和现在进行时中的“动词的ing形式”一样，只是英语中表达时态的一种固定形式。

变化形式：大多数动词的过去分词的外形和动词的过去式完全一样。只有那些不规则变化的动词，不运词的过去式不一样。具体参照“不规则动词表”。

高三英语语法知识点总结2

英语中过去分词可作宾补，(此时的过去分词一般是及物动词)表被动意义或完成意义，有时两者兼而有之。做宾补的过去分词与宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系，即宾语是过去分词动作的对象。如：

She found the door broken in when she came back.(宾补与宾语有被动的关系，表一种状态。)

一. 过去分词用在表状态的动词keep,leave等的后面。

Eg:They kept the door locked for a long time.

Keep your mouth shut and your eyes open.(谚语：少说多看)

Don't leave such an important thing undone.

Don't leave the windows broken like this all the time.

二.过分词用在get,have,make, 的后面。

1.注意“have +宾语+过去分词”的两种情况：

A)表"让某人做某事/让某事(被人)做"

eg: I have had my bike repaired.

The villagers had many trees planted just then.

B)表"遭遇到某种不幸，受到打击/受....影响，蒙受..... 损失"

Eg:I had my wallet stolen on a bus last month.

The old man had his leg broken in the accident.

He had his leg broken in the match yesterday.(MET1986)

2."make+宾语+过去分词",在这种结构中，过去分词的动词必须是表示结果含义的。如：

They managed to make themselves understood in very simple English.

I raised my voice to make myself heard.

三、过去分词用在感观动词watch,notice,see,hear,listen to ,feel,find等后面。如

When we got to school,we saw the door locked.

We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops.

He felt himself cheated.

The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see carried out the next year.(NMET2000)

四、过去分词用在want,wish,like ,expect等表示“希望，愿望”这一类动词后面做宾补。如

The boss wouldn't like the problem discussed at the moment.

I would like my house painted white.

I want the suit made to his own measure.

I wish the problem settled.

五、过去分词用在“with +宾语+宾补”这一结构中，过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。如：

The thief was brought in with his hands tied behind his back.

With many brightly-coloured flowers planted around the building ,his house looks like a beautiful garden.

With everything well arranged,he left the office.

六、过去分词、现在分词、和不定式作宾补的区别。

现在分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是主谓关系。其动作与谓语动作同时进行。

过去分词作宾补：宾语和补语之间是动宾关系。其动作先于谓语动作。

不定式作宾补：　表一个完成的动作、或表一个很短时间内看到、听到或感觉到的具体动作。

eg:He didn't notice me waiting.

I heard the song sung in English.

I saw him opening the window.

I saw the window opened.

I saw him open the window.

I heard her sing the song in English.

高三英语语法知识点总结3

pleasant, pleasing, pleased

(1) pleasant 可作定语和表语。修饰事物，不能修饰人。因此句子的主语只能是表示事物的词语，而不能是人。意思是“令人愉快的，令人高兴的”。

I hope you'll have a pleasant holiday.

我希望你能过一个愉快的假期。

(2) pleasing “令人高兴的，令人愉快的”，表示宁静、满意、令人满足之意。侧重于表示接受对象的情感，传递主观感受。比 pleasant 稍弱。主语可为人或事物。

An actor should have a pleasing personality.

表演者应当具有一种令人愉快的个性。

(3) pleased “高兴的，感到满意的”含义与glad基本相同。作表语时，句子的主语只能是“人”，而不能是表示事物的词语。be pleased with 表示“对……表示满 意”之意。

She had a pleased look on his face.

她脸上露出了满意的表情。

burn down, burn up, burn out

bum down 指“烧为平地，烧毁”;也指“火力减弱”。

The house was burnt down in an hour.

房子一小时被烧为平地。

bum up 有“烧旺”之意，也可指“消耗掉”。

You'd better put more wood on the fire to make it burn up.

你往火上添着柴，让它烧旺。

bum out 指“火熄灭”。

The fire had burnt out before I returned.

在我回来前，火已经熄灭了。

elect, select, choose

elect 只能用于选举人，是投票选举的正式用语。

They elected Nixon President. 他们选尼克松为总统。

choose 可用于挑选人或物。

It's hard for me to choose one from so many pairs of shoes.

要从这么多双鞋子当中挑选一双对我来说真是太难了。

select 意为精心挑选，多用于物。

She selected a pair of socks to match her suit.

他精心挑选了一双袜子来与衣服搭配。

be known for, be known as, be known to

be known for 以……出了名 (通常不是指同位的关系)

be known as 作为……出了名 (通常加上职业名词，表同位关系)

be known to为……所知

Japan is known for its cars.

日本以它的汽车而闻名。

Luxun is known as a writer.

鲁迅作为作家很出名。

As is known to all, China has four famous invitations.

众所周知，中国有四大的发明。

observe, watch

当“观察”来讲时，observe相当于watch carefully，尤其用于实验或研究等场合。具体来说，observe含有“察觉到”的意思，watch意为“盯着看”。

watch还含有“观看(比赛、电视)”等，而observe没有此意。另外，watch还有“照料”之意，相当于take care of。还有“当心”之意，相当于be careful with。

She has observed the stars all her life.

她一生都在观察星星。

I'll watch the baby while you are away.

你不在时，由我照料你女儿。

You'd better watch Mr Smith, I think he is a thief.

你当心史密斯先生，我想他是个贼。

高三英语语法知识点总结3

助动词

1)协助主要动词构成谓语动词的词叫助动词。被协助的动词称作主要动词。助动词自身没有词义，不可单独使用。例如：

He doesn′t like English.　他不喜欢英语。

(doesn′t是助动词，无词义;like是主要动词，有词义)

2) 助动词协助主要动词完成以下功用，可以用来：

a. 表示时态。例如：

He is singing.　他在唱歌。(北京安通学校提供)

He has got married.　他已结婚。

b. 表示语态。例如：

He was sent to England.　他被派往英国。

c. 构成疑问句。例如：

Do you like college life?　你喜欢大学生活吗?

Did you study English before you came here?　你来这儿之前学过英语吗?

d. 与否定副词not合用，构成否定句。例如：

I don′t like him.　 我不喜欢他。

e. 加强语气。例如：

Do come to the party tomorrow evening. 明天晚上一定来参加晚会。

He did know that.　 他的确知道那件事。

3) 最常用的助动词有：be, have, do, shall, will, should, would等。

3 助动词be的用法

1) be +现在分词，构成进行时态。例如：

They are having a meeting.　他们正在开会。

English is becoming more and more important. 英语现在越来越重要。(北京安通学校提供)

2)　be + 过去分词，构成被动语态。例如：